Soil Moisture Measurement Method
1. Scope of Application
This standard is intended for determining the moisture content in all types of soil except gypsum and organic soils, where organic matter exceeds 20% by weight.
2. Principle of Measurement
The method relies on the principle that the weight loss of a soil sample after being dried at 105°C until constant weight is equal to the mass of water present in the sample.
3. Instruments and Equipment
3.1 Soil auger
3.2 Sieve with 1 mm mesh size
3.3 Aluminum containers: Small (diameter ~40 mm, height ~20 mm) and large (diameter ~55 mm, height ~28 mm)
3.4 Analytical balance with readability of 0.001 g and 0.01 g
3.5 Electric oven with temperature control
3.6 Desiccator containing silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride
4. Sample Selection and Preparation
4.1 Air-dried soil samples: Select a representative air-dried soil sample, crush it, pass through a 1 mm sieve, and mix thoroughly before testing.
4.2 Fresh soil samples: Collect a representative fresh soil sample from the field, remove surface impurities, and take about 20 g from the middle layer of the soil core. Place the sample in a pre-weighed aluminum container, seal it tightly, and transport it to the laboratory. Once back, clean the container, weigh it immediately, and proceed with moisture analysis as soon as possible.
5. Procedure for Determination
5.1 Moisture Content of Air-Dried Soil Samples: Dry a small aluminum container in the oven at 105°C for approximately 2 hours. Allow it to cool in a desiccator, then weigh it to the nearest 0.001 g. Add about 5 g of well-mixed air-dried soil into the container, cover it, and reweigh. Bake the covered container at 105°C for 6 hours. Cool it in a desiccator for about 20 minutes and weigh again. Perform two parallel determinations for accuracy.
5.2 Moisture Content of Fresh Soil Samples: Weigh the large aluminum container with the fresh soil sample on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.01 g. Remove the lid, place the container in the oven preheated to 105°C, and bake for 12 hours. Cool in a desiccator for about 30 minutes and weigh immediately. Conduct three replicates for better precision.
Note: After baking for the specified time, the sample should reach "constant weight."
6. Calculation of Results
6.1 Formula for Moisture Content (on an analytical basis):
Moisture (%) = [(m1 - m2) / (m1 - m0)] × 100
Formula for Moisture Content (on a dry basis):
Moisture (%) = [(m1 - m2) / (m2 - m0)] × 100
Where:
m0 = mass of the empty dry aluminum container (g)
m1 = mass of the aluminum container and soil before drying (g)
m2 = mass of the aluminum container and soil after drying (g)
6.2 The results of parallel determinations should be expressed as the average value, rounded to one decimal place.
6.3 The allowable difference between parallel results is: no more than 0.2% for air-dried soil with less than 5% moisture, no more than 0.3% for wet soil with 5–25% moisture, and no more than 0.7% for high-moisture coarse-grained soils (particle size ~10 mm). This corresponds to a relative difference of no more than 5%.
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