[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] According to the International Cooperative Alliance, cooperatives account for 3% to 10% of the global GDP. The world's 300 largest cooperatives have an annual turnover of 2 trillion US dollars, more than the world's seventh. The gross domestic product of Italy, the largest economy. It is an agricultural cooperative that has developed rapidly and widely spread among various types of cooperatives. It has accounted for 36% of the total number of cooperatives in the world and played an important role in the development of agriculture and the increase of farmers' income. Facing the continuous development and growth of cooperatives, the standardization of cooperatives has been put on the agenda. Then He Junjun will give you a detailed explanation of why agricultural machinery cooperatives must establish norms.
First, the domestic situation is forced
1 The standardization of cooperatives is the need for the simultaneous nationalization of the four modernizations and the comprehensive well-off society (strong and beautiful)
Food security can not be loose at any time. The "three rural" is an important foundation for all work. At any time, it does not neglect agriculture, forget farmers, and indifference to rural areas.
2 The standardization of cooperatives is the need to cope with the new situation of agriculture
At present, domestic agriculture is faced with: "double extrusion of ceilings and floors (tightening spells); new changes in rural China (three left behind: old people, women, children), hollow villages, who planted land and other prominent problems. One family can not grow The situation is not good, and the situation that is not cost-effective is urgently needed to change.
3 The standardization of cooperatives is the need of agricultural and rural economic development
At present, the situation of China's agricultural and rural economy is: the land household contract system is unchanged, the "three powers" are divided; the new business entities are organized, the family farms, cooperatives, and leading enterprises are registered; the scale benefits, the industrial chain, and the added value, Enrich new formats (leisure and sightseeing).
4 The standardization of cooperatives is the need for the development of agricultural machinery
The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization. The goal is full-scale, comprehensive, high-quality, mechanized; the focus is on adjusting the equipment structure, pushing nine major crops, improving the mechanization level of six key links, and developing agricultural machinery socialization services; the new situation is “sellable, useless, and low-efficiency†, facing the "three difficulties."
This requires five supplies of agricultural machinery, equipment, talents, services, and policies.
Nine crops: rice, corn, wheat, potato, cotton, canola, peanuts, soybeans, sugar cane
Six main links: ploughing, planting, harvesting, plant protection, drying, straw treatment
Two main directions: the mechanization level of the main food crop production and the breakthrough of the mechanized “bottleneck†of the main economic crop production
Second, foreign development experience needs to learn from
The advanced experience of foreign development tells us that the development of cooperatives should achieve the following effects:
1 Promote sales of agricultural products and accelerate agricultural commercialization
For example, the “Wuhu†and “Manchu†rice have squeezed out the northeast rice, and the brand rice has accelerated the commercialization of agricultural products.
2 Promote the unified provision of agricultural inputs, which is conducive to the standardization of agricultural production.
The Japan Agricultural Association's data on the proportion of inputs to production factors shows that fertilizer input is 92%, feed is 40%, agricultural machinery is 47%, and pesticides are 70%. The high input rate of production factors is conducive to the standardization of agricultural production.
3 Promote processing exports and increase added value
Among the agricultural products exported by the French agricultural cooperatives, cereals accounted for 45%, fresh fruits accounted for 80%, meat accounted for 35%, and poultry accounted for 40%.
Third, the innovation from "big" to "strong" is inevitable
1 Agricultural modernization indicators "four rates" continue to improve
Agricultural modernization indicators: land output rate, resource utilization rate, labor productivity and agricultural product commodity rate.
Recognized indicators: the contribution rate of science and technology and the level of agricultural mechanization is over 80%; the average rate of agricultural products is over 95%; the proportion of agricultural investment in the total agricultural output of the year is over 40%; the proportion of agricultural labor in the total labor force of the region is less than 20%. .
2 Comparison of agricultural development between the United States and China
The United States has a total population of more than 300 million people, accounting for 13% of the world's total arable land. It is a country with a large area of ​​cultivated land in the world, and 9% of China's cultivated land feeds 20% of the population. Since the early 1980s, its grain output has been surpassed by China, ranking second in the world, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total. The US agricultural industry has a population of only 2%, and agricultural income accounts for more than 10% of GDP. The gap between farmers and other sectors of income has also gradually narrowed.
3 farmer economy
Agriculture is vital, but there are fewer employees, some part-time jobs, and moderate income.
In the case of Norwegian farms, the farmer is a family private industry, 190 hectares of land only grows lettuce, employs 50-70 employees from different countries in the world, and harvests in October. Products are directly sent to supermarkets, hotels, restaurants. There are full mechanized equipment, fresh-keeping equipment, packaging machines, transplanting machines, and a large number of machines. In order to use the land, it is planted weekly, planted in small pieces, greenhouse for 2-3 weeks, 20 hectares per week (300 mu), harvested after 6 weeks, packed in the farm line after harvest, and shipped out of the freezer every day. With an annual output of 7 million trees, sales in Norway can reach 40 million yuan / year.
To build a transformation and upgrade version of China's agriculture, we must focus on building a three-agricultural system—industry, management, and service—to achieve agricultural “four modernizationsâ€â€”agricultural technology integration, labor process mechanization, production and operation informationization, safety and environmental protection legalization, and local conditions. Find demand, guarantee supply. Specifically, we must build well-known brands, look for regional and industrial advantages; develop characteristic agricultural products and industries; and develop and have nutritious agricultural products. To do this, you must create a professional cooperative.
In developed countries, almost all farmers participate in different types of agricultural cooperatives, and some farmers participate in several professional cooperatives at the same time. 98% of the farmers in Denmark are members of agricultural cooperatives. More than 90% of the farmers participating in cooperatives in France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, Japan and South Korea; each farmer in the United States participates in an average of 2.6 cooperatives.
We must let the new subject of the cooperative comply with the new changes in development, reflect the new requirements of the times, promote the transformation and upgrading of agriculture, drive farmers into the market, and promote farmers to increase their incomes. It is necessary to guide new types of cooperation in professional cooperation (people, technology, services) and shareholding cooperation (various resources, capital) to improve new rural social governance.
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