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At present, soil testing-based formula fertilization is still mainly seen as a technical issue. In China, the technology of soil testing and fertilizer application has reached an international standard and is not the real challenge. The real problem lies in the fact that even with excellent techniques being taught, the implementation still lags behind many foreign countries.
In the 1980s, China had a strong and extensive rural science and technology workforce, with over one million people involved. These personnel were spread across seven major sectors, including fertilizer application and agricultural technology promotion. High-level leaders at the State Council took great interest in this effort. Premiers Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, and Wen Jiabao all issued repeated instructions. However, despite this, there are still about 250,000 positions unfilled or poorly staffed.
The reason is quite simple: these teams work year-round in rural areas, facing harsh living conditions. Many suffer from health issues, and their salaries are often just a few hundred yuan per month. In western provinces like Guizhou and Gansu, agricultural scientists and technicians sometimes go months without receiving payment. As a result, many have left the field. Some have turned to managing fertilizers and pesticides on their own, others continue to offer scientific farming services for additional income, while some simply seek alternative jobs. Under such circumstances, how can we expect the frontline agricultural science and technology team to remain stable?
Those who directly serve farmers aren't necessarily unwilling to earn money, but their clients—farmers—are not wealthy. Therefore, the basic livelihood of agricultural science and technology personnel must also be addressed by the central government and provincial authorities. In the future, when farmers become wealthier, they should be able to compensate for the losses faced by these professionals. Currently, one-third of the income of front-line workers comes from the county level, and two-thirds from the township level. However, the situation worsens from east to west. A survey conducted in 2004 showed that Jiangsu Province in the east had the best conditions, while Hunan in the center was worse, and Guizhou in the west was particularly serious. I will address this issue in the group discussion.